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s pneumoniae  (ATCC)


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    ATCC s pneumoniae
    a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. <t>pneumoniae</t> D39L at 7, 14 or 28 d post IAV infection. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU for superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b–d, Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ( b ) 1 week, ( c ) 2 weeks or ( d ) 4 weeks following IAV infection. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=2-3, one representative of at least two experiments shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. e,f, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post inoculation, (e) 1 week and (f) 2 weeks post IAV infection. g, Venn diagram showing S. pneumoniae genes upregulated during SI at week 1 and week 2. h,i , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection 24h post inoculation, (h) 1 week and (i) and 2 weeks post IAV infection. Genes commonly upregulated at both time points are highlighted in blue.
    S Pneumoniae, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 580 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    s pneumoniae - by Bioz Stars, 2026-05
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    1) Product Images from "Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection"

    Article Title: Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection

    Journal: bioRxiv

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.10.698720

    a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7, 14 or 28 d post IAV infection. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU for superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b–d, Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ( b ) 1 week, ( c ) 2 weeks or ( d ) 4 weeks following IAV infection. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=2-3, one representative of at least two experiments shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. e,f, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post inoculation, (e) 1 week and (f) 2 weeks post IAV infection. g, Venn diagram showing S. pneumoniae genes upregulated during SI at week 1 and week 2. h,i , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection 24h post inoculation, (h) 1 week and (i) and 2 weeks post IAV infection. Genes commonly upregulated at both time points are highlighted in blue.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7, 14 or 28 d post IAV infection. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU for superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b–d, Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ( b ) 1 week, ( c ) 2 weeks or ( d ) 4 weeks following IAV infection. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=2-3, one representative of at least two experiments shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. e,f, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post inoculation, (e) 1 week and (f) 2 weeks post IAV infection. g, Venn diagram showing S. pneumoniae genes upregulated during SI at week 1 and week 2. h,i , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection 24h post inoculation, (h) 1 week and (i) and 2 weeks post IAV infection. Genes commonly upregulated at both time points are highlighted in blue.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Virus, Standard Deviation

    a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7d post IAV infection. Bacterial inoculum was ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for both pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 2 h after bacterial challenge. b , Estimation of bacterial titer based on expression of the housekeeping gene gyrB, as determined by RT-qPCR. Dots indicate individual mice (n = 4-5; geometric means ± geometric s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests. c , Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice, infected as explained in (a) , from lungs harvested 2 h post infection. d , Volcano plots depicting differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at 2 h post infection. Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE is highlighted in blue.
    Figure Legend Snippet: a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7d post IAV infection. Bacterial inoculum was ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for both pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 2 h after bacterial challenge. b , Estimation of bacterial titer based on expression of the housekeeping gene gyrB, as determined by RT-qPCR. Dots indicate individual mice (n = 4-5; geometric means ± geometric s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests. c , Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice, infected as explained in (a) , from lungs harvested 2 h post infection. d , Volcano plots depicting differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at 2 h post infection. Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE is highlighted in blue.

    Techniques Used: Infection, Virus, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test

    a,b Maltose (a) and mannose (b) levels in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mock- or IAV-infected mice, measured by targeted metabolomic analysis using GC–MS. Metabolite levels are shown as relative abundance normalized to mock-infected samples and to total sample signal. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric s.d. (n = 4-5; one representative of at least two experiments shown). c , AdhE expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5-8, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). d,e , adhE (d) and adhA (e) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 6, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed Mann–Whitney tests (a,b) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (c) and 2-way ANOVA (d,e).
    Figure Legend Snippet: a,b Maltose (a) and mannose (b) levels in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mock- or IAV-infected mice, measured by targeted metabolomic analysis using GC–MS. Metabolite levels are shown as relative abundance normalized to mock-infected samples and to total sample signal. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric s.d. (n = 4-5; one representative of at least two experiments shown). c , AdhE expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5-8, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). d,e , adhE (d) and adhA (e) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 6, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed Mann–Whitney tests (a,b) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (c) and 2-way ANOVA (d,e).

    Techniques Used: Infection, Metabolomic, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Expressing, Cell Culture, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

    a–c , Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected for 24h with S. pneumoniae at (a) 1 week, (b) 2 weeks or (c) 4 weeks following IAV priming. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=3-4, one representative of at least two experiments shown). d, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post infection, 1 week (dots) and 2 weeks (triangles) post IAV priming. e , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at week 1 (left) and week 2 (right). Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE and adhA are highlighted in blue. f,h , adhE (f) and adhA (h) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). i,j , adhE (i) and adhA (j) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 4, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test (a-c) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (f,h) and two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test (i,j) .
    Figure Legend Snippet: a–c , Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected for 24h with S. pneumoniae at (a) 1 week, (b) 2 weeks or (c) 4 weeks following IAV priming. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=3-4, one representative of at least two experiments shown). d, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post infection, 1 week (dots) and 2 weeks (triangles) post IAV priming. e , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at week 1 (left) and week 2 (right). Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE and adhA are highlighted in blue. f,h , adhE (f) and adhA (h) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). i,j , adhE (i) and adhA (j) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 4, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test (a-c) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (f,h) and two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test (i,j) .

    Techniques Used: Infection, Standard Deviation, Expressing, Cell Culture, Two Tailed Test

    a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and one week later infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10⁶ CFU (ATCC-6303) for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10³ CFU (ATCC-6303) for superinfected (SI) mice. Fomepizole (10 mg kg⁻¹ in 200 ul of PBS) or PBS were administered intraperitoneally at the time of bacterial infection and again 12 h post infection. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b,c , Lung (b) and spleen (c) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae D39L. d,e , Lung (d) and spleen (e) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Data are pooled from at least two independent experiments. Dots indicate individual mice (lungs n = 12-26, spleens n = 6-12), bars represent geometric means with geometric s.d. (b-e) . Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests (b-e) .
    Figure Legend Snippet: a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and one week later infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10⁶ CFU (ATCC-6303) for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10³ CFU (ATCC-6303) for superinfected (SI) mice. Fomepizole (10 mg kg⁻¹ in 200 ul of PBS) or PBS were administered intraperitoneally at the time of bacterial infection and again 12 h post infection. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b,c , Lung (b) and spleen (c) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae D39L. d,e , Lung (d) and spleen (e) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Data are pooled from at least two independent experiments. Dots indicate individual mice (lungs n = 12-26, spleens n = 6-12), bars represent geometric means with geometric s.d. (b-e) . Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests (b-e) .

    Techniques Used: Infection, Virus, Two Tailed Test



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    Image Search Results


    a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7, 14 or 28 d post IAV infection. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU for superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b–d, Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ( b ) 1 week, ( c ) 2 weeks or ( d ) 4 weeks following IAV infection. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=2-3, one representative of at least two experiments shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. e,f, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post inoculation, (e) 1 week and (f) 2 weeks post IAV infection. g, Venn diagram showing S. pneumoniae genes upregulated during SI at week 1 and week 2. h,i , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection 24h post inoculation, (h) 1 week and (i) and 2 weeks post IAV infection. Genes commonly upregulated at both time points are highlighted in blue.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.10.698720

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7, 14 or 28 d post IAV infection. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU for superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b–d, Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ( b ) 1 week, ( c ) 2 weeks or ( d ) 4 weeks following IAV infection. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=2-3, one representative of at least two experiments shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test. e,f, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post inoculation, (e) 1 week and (f) 2 weeks post IAV infection. g, Venn diagram showing S. pneumoniae genes upregulated during SI at week 1 and week 2. h,i , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection 24h post inoculation, (h) 1 week and (i) and 2 weeks post IAV infection. Genes commonly upregulated at both time points are highlighted in blue.

    Article Snippet: S. pneumoniae (D39L) was kindly provided by Prof. Marien De Jonge and S. pneumoniae (ATCC-6303) was purchased from LGC (Germany).

    Techniques: Infection, Virus, Standard Deviation

    a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7d post IAV infection. Bacterial inoculum was ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for both pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 2 h after bacterial challenge. b , Estimation of bacterial titer based on expression of the housekeeping gene gyrB, as determined by RT-qPCR. Dots indicate individual mice (n = 4-5; geometric means ± geometric s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests. c , Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice, infected as explained in (a) , from lungs harvested 2 h post infection. d , Volcano plots depicting differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at 2 h post infection. Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE is highlighted in blue.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.10.698720

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and subsequently infected with S. pneumoniae D39L at 7d post IAV infection. Bacterial inoculum was ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU for both pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and superinfected (SI) mice. Mice were euthanized 2 h after bacterial challenge. b , Estimation of bacterial titer based on expression of the housekeeping gene gyrB, as determined by RT-qPCR. Dots indicate individual mice (n = 4-5; geometric means ± geometric s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests. c , Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice, infected as explained in (a) , from lungs harvested 2 h post infection. d , Volcano plots depicting differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at 2 h post infection. Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE is highlighted in blue.

    Article Snippet: S. pneumoniae (D39L) was kindly provided by Prof. Marien De Jonge and S. pneumoniae (ATCC-6303) was purchased from LGC (Germany).

    Techniques: Infection, Virus, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Two Tailed Test

    a,b Maltose (a) and mannose (b) levels in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mock- or IAV-infected mice, measured by targeted metabolomic analysis using GC–MS. Metabolite levels are shown as relative abundance normalized to mock-infected samples and to total sample signal. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric s.d. (n = 4-5; one representative of at least two experiments shown). c , AdhE expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5-8, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). d,e , adhE (d) and adhA (e) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 6, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed Mann–Whitney tests (a,b) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (c) and 2-way ANOVA (d,e).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.10.698720

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a,b Maltose (a) and mannose (b) levels in cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from mock- or IAV-infected mice, measured by targeted metabolomic analysis using GC–MS. Metabolite levels are shown as relative abundance normalized to mock-infected samples and to total sample signal. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric s.d. (n = 4-5; one representative of at least two experiments shown). c , AdhE expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5-8, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). d,e , adhE (d) and adhA (e) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic and anaerobic conditions for 30 min. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 6, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed Mann–Whitney tests (a,b) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (c) and 2-way ANOVA (d,e).

    Article Snippet: S. pneumoniae (D39L) was kindly provided by Prof. Marien De Jonge and S. pneumoniae (ATCC-6303) was purchased from LGC (Germany).

    Techniques: Infection, Metabolomic, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Expressing, Cell Culture, Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

    a–c , Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected for 24h with S. pneumoniae at (a) 1 week, (b) 2 weeks or (c) 4 weeks following IAV priming. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=3-4, one representative of at least two experiments shown). d, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post infection, 1 week (dots) and 2 weeks (triangles) post IAV priming. e , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at week 1 (left) and week 2 (right). Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE and adhA are highlighted in blue. f,h , adhE (f) and adhA (h) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). i,j , adhE (i) and adhA (j) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 4, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test (a-c) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (f,h) and two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test (i,j) .

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.10.698720

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a–c , Lung bacterial burdens in mice infected for 24h with S. pneumoniae at (a) 1 week, (b) 2 weeks or (c) 4 weeks following IAV priming. Dots indicate individual mice, bars depict geometric means ± geometric standard deviation (s.d.) (n=3-4, one representative of at least two experiments shown). d, Principal component analysis (PCA) of S. pneumoniae transcriptomes recovered from Spn and SI mice 24h post infection, 1 week (dots) and 2 weeks (triangles) post IAV priming. e , Volcano plots showing differentially expressed S. pneumoniae genes during SI compared with Spn infection at week 1 (left) and week 2 (right). Non-significant genes are shown in light grey, and significant genes (|L2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) are shown in dark grey. adhE and adhA are highlighted in blue. f,h , adhE (f) and adhA (h) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose, maltose or mannose. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 5, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). i,j , adhE (i) and adhA (j) expression in S. pneumoniae cultured in chemically defined medium supplemented with glucose or maltose under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Dots represent individual bacterial cultures (n = 4, data pooled from at least two independent experiments; means ± s.d. are shown). Statistical significance was determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test (a-c) , two-tailed unpaired t -tests (f,h) and two-way ANOVA with Fisher’s LSD test (i,j) .

    Article Snippet: S. pneumoniae (D39L) was kindly provided by Prof. Marien De Jonge and S. pneumoniae (ATCC-6303) was purchased from LGC (Germany).

    Techniques: Infection, Standard Deviation, Expressing, Cell Culture, Two Tailed Test

    a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and one week later infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10⁶ CFU (ATCC-6303) for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10³ CFU (ATCC-6303) for superinfected (SI) mice. Fomepizole (10 mg kg⁻¹ in 200 ul of PBS) or PBS were administered intraperitoneally at the time of bacterial infection and again 12 h post infection. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b,c , Lung (b) and spleen (c) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae D39L. d,e , Lung (d) and spleen (e) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Data are pooled from at least two independent experiments. Dots indicate individual mice (lungs n = 12-26, spleens n = 6-12), bars represent geometric means with geometric s.d. (b-e) . Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests (b-e) .

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Early metabolic reprogramming licenses Streptococcus pneumoniae for Influenza-driven superinfection

    doi: 10.64898/2026.01.10.698720

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Schematic of the mouse infection model. Mice were intranasally (i.n.) primed with PBS or influenza A virus (IAV; 10 PFU) and one week later infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Bacterial inocula were ∼1 × 10⁸ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10⁶ CFU (ATCC-6303) for pneumococcal infection alone (Spn) and ∼1 × 10⁴ CFU (D39L) or ∼1 × 10³ CFU (ATCC-6303) for superinfected (SI) mice. Fomepizole (10 mg kg⁻¹ in 200 ul of PBS) or PBS were administered intraperitoneally at the time of bacterial infection and again 12 h post infection. Mice were euthanized 24 h after bacterial challenge. b,c , Lung (b) and spleen (c) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae D39L. d,e , Lung (d) and spleen (e) bacterial burdens in mice infected with S. pneumoniae ATCC-6303. Data are pooled from at least two independent experiments. Dots indicate individual mice (lungs n = 12-26, spleens n = 6-12), bars represent geometric means with geometric s.d. (b-e) . Statistical significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired t -tests (b-e) .

    Article Snippet: S. pneumoniae (D39L) was kindly provided by Prof. Marien De Jonge and S. pneumoniae (ATCC-6303) was purchased from LGC (Germany).

    Techniques: Infection, Virus, Two Tailed Test